Staffing Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Training, Development and Methods of Training
1.Meaning of Training
It is the systematic development of knowledge, skills and attitudes required by an individual to perform adequately a given task or job.
2. Meaning of Development
It denotes the process by which the employees acquire skills and competence to do their present job and increase their capabilities for handling higher jobs in the future.
3. Importance of Training
- Systematic learning
- Increase in productivity
- Fewer accidents
- Higher motivation and morale, reduces absenteeism and employee turnover
- Prepare future managers ,
- Increased earnings and career growth of employees
4. Benefits of Training and Development to an Organisation
(i) Training enhances employee productivity both in terms of quantity and quality and leading to higher profits.
(ii) Training equips the future manager, who can takeover in case of emergency.
(iii) Training increases employees morale and reduce absenteeism and employee turnover.
5. Benefits of Training and Development to the Employee
- Increased performance by the individual help him to earn more.
- Training makes the employee more efficient to handle machines. Thus, less prone to accidents.
- Training increases the satisfaction and morale of employees.
6. Methods of Training
(i) On-the-Job Methods
- Apprentice programmes It is on-the-job training method. Under this, a master worker as a trainer is appointed, who guides the workers regarding the skill of job. Electricians and plumbers require this type of training.
- Coaching The superior guides and instruct the trainer as a coach. He develops managerial qualities in the subordinate.
- Internship training A joint programme of training in which educational institutes and business firms impart training to selected candidates to gain practical work experience.
- Job rotation The trainee is systematically transferred from one job/rotation to another so that he may get varied experience.
- Induction training It is a type of training given to help a new employee in settling down quickly into the job by becoming familiar with the people, surrounding, job, etc.
(ii) Off-the-Job Methods
- Classroom lectures Lectures, confrences and seminars are conducted to convey specific information, rules, procedures or methods.
- Films They can provide information and skills which can be demonstrated explicitly, which are not easily presented by other techniques.
- Case study Case represents an accurate figure of real life problems that managers have faced.
- Computer modelling It simulates the work environment by programming a computer to imitate some of the realities of the job and allows to experience real life situations.
- Vestibule training In vestibule training, employees learn their jobs on the equipment they will be using and actual work environments are created in a classroom, which is away from the actual work floor.
- Programmed instructions Under this method, information is broken into meaningful units and these units are arranged in a proper way to form a logical and sequential learning package.
Previous Years Examination Questions
1 Mark Questions
1. Name and state the ‘on-the-job method of training’ that is used to give training to the electricians. (HOTS; All India 2013)
Ans.
Apprenticeship programme It is on-the-job training method. Under this, a master worker as a trainer is appointed, who guides the workers regarding the skill of job. Electricians are required to undergo such trainings.
2. Name the method of training in which trainees learn on the equipments they will
be using. (HOTS; Delhi 2010; All India 2010)
Ans.
In vestibule training, employees learn their jobs on the equipment they will be using and actual work environments are created in a classroom, which is away from the actual work floor.
3. Name the method of training in which the trainees works directly with a senior manager and the manager takes full responsibility of the trainee.
(HOTS; Delhi 2010; All India 2010)
Ans.
Coaching.
4. Name the method of training in which the trainee learns under the guidance of a
master worker. (HOTS; Delhi 2010; All India 2010)
Ans.
Apprenticeship training.
3 Marks Questions
5. Why is training important for the employees ? State any three reasons.
(Compartment 2014; All India 2012)
or
State any three reasons why training is beneficial for employees of an organisation.
(Foreign 2014; Delhi 2008)
Ans.
The employees training in an organisation is necessary due to the following reasons (Any three)
(i) Systematic learning
Training is systematic learning, always better than hit and trial method which leads to reduction of wastage of efforts and money.
(ii) Increase in productivity
A trained worker is more efficient in his work. He has better knowledge, skills and speed for his job. This leads to increase output which is profitable for the enterprise.
(iii) Fewer accidents
Trained employees are proficient in handling machinery and equipment. Thus, less prone to accidents.
6. Why is training important for an organisation? State any three reasons. (Delhi 2012)
Ans.
Training is important for an organisation because of the following reasons;
(i) Training of the workers leads to increase in productivity and reduction of wastages.
(ii) It reduces absenteeism and labour turnover as trained workers become more confident and thus, they become regular and stick to their job and place.
(iii) It is required to teach technology and work methods to employees.
7. Define training and development. (Delhi 2012)
Ans.
Training
It refers to the process by which aptitudes, skills and abilities of employees to perform specific jobs are improved. According to Michael Armstrong, ‘Training is the systematic development of knowledge, skills and attitudes required by an individual to perform adequately a given task or job’.
Development
It involves growth of an employee in all respects. It denotes the process by which the employees acquire skills and competence to do their present job and increase their capabilities for handling higher jobs in the future. Development is a continuous process of building competencies of employees and thus facilitating overall development of employees.
4/5 Marks Questions
8. Manu, a Chief Manager in a company using highly sophisticated machines and equipments, wants that very employee should be fully trained before using the machines and equipments. Suggest and describe the best method of training that Manu can use for training of the employees. (HOTS; Delhi 2012)
Ans.
Vestibule method of training should be imparted in the given situation.
Vestibule training
Under this method, employees learn their jobs on the equipment they will be using, but the training is conducted away from the actual work floor. Actual work environment is created in a classroom and employees use the same materials, files and equipments. This is usually done when employees are required to handle sophisticated machinery and equipment. Vestibule training is suitable where a large number of persons are to be trained at the same time for the same kind of work. The main emphasis is on learning rather than on production.
9. Atul is working in an organisation. After every three months, his manager transfers him from one department to another so that he may gain a broader understanding of all the departments of the organisation.
Name and explain the method of training Atul is undergoing.
(HOTS, All India 2012)
Ans.
Job rotation training
This kind of training involves shifting the trainee from one department to another or from one job to another. This enables the trainee to gain a broader understanding of all parts of the business and how the organisation as a whole functions.
When employees are trained by this method, the organisation finds it easier at the time of promotions, replacements or transfers. This will broaden his horizon and capacity to do a variety of jobs. Rotation of an employee on different jobs should not be done frequently.
10. State any four reasons why training is needed in an organisation. (Delhi 2011,2008)
Ans.
Training is important for an organisation because of the following reasons;
(i) Training of the workers leads to increase in productivity and reduction of wastages.
(ii) It reduces absenteeism and labour turnover as trained workers become more confident and thus, they become regular and stick to their job and place.
(iii) It is required to teach technology and work methods to employees.
11. Explain
(i) Apprenticeship and
(ii) Job rotation, as methods of training.(All India 2011)
Ans. (i) Apprenticeship In this, trainee work under the guidance and supervision of a guide or a trainer for a prescribed amount of time. During this process of training, the apprentice is imparted both theoritical and practical training, by the expert. Some of the areas of apprenticeship training includes
- Building construction.
- Skilled craft like those mechanics, electricians, welders, etc
(ii) Job rotation training This kind of training involves shifting the trainee from one department to another or from one job to another. This enables the trainee to gain a broader understanding of all parts of the business and how the organisation as a whole functions.
When employees are trained by this method, the organisation finds it easier at the time of promotions, replacements or transfers. This will broaden his horizon and capacity to do a variety of jobs. Rotation of an employee on different jobs should not be done frequently.
12. Some learning opportunities are designed and delivered to improve skills and abilities of employees whereas some others are designed to help in the growth of individuals in all respects. Identify and explain the two concepts explained above, (HOTS; Delhi 2009)
Ans.
Training
Some learning opportunities designed and delivered to improve skills and abilities of employees are referred to as training.
It is the systematic development of knowledge, skills and attitudes required by an individual to perform adequately a given task or job.
Development
Opportunities designed to he Ip in the growth of individuals in all respects are referred to as development.
It denotes the process by which the employees acquire skills and competence to do their present job and increase their capabilities for handling higher jobs in the future.
6 Marks Questions
13. What is meant by training? State any four benefits of training to the organisation.
(Delhi 2014,2009C)
Ans.
Training is the systematic development of knowledge, skills and attitudes required by an individual to perform adequately a given task or job. The purpose of training is to achieve a change in the -*’* behaviour of those trained and to enable them to do their jobs in a better way. Training is not a ‘one step’ process, but is a continuous or never ending process
Benefits of training are as follows:
(i) Reduced learning time
A trained employee takes less time in learning the job as compared to untrained employee. As a result, there is less wastage of resources and higher productivity in organisation.
(ii) Better performance
The performance of trained employees is always better than the performance of untrained employees. In the training programmes, their qualities and capabilities are improved and employees get some experience of working on the job before they are actually assigned the job. This improves their performance and efficiency level.
(iii) Attitude formation
The training and development aims at moulding the employees so that they develop positive attitude for the organisation. It motivate them, to be ready to take the initiative and thus on attitude of support and cooperation exist among the employees.
(iv) Helps in solving operational problems
While performing various activities, the organisation faces various problems such as problem of absenteeism, wastage of resources, dissatisfaction of employees, lack of team work, etc. Through training, these operational problems can be avoided or removed in the organisation.
1
4. A newly appointed personnel manager is of the view that training is beneficial only
for the workers and not for the organisation. Do you agree with his view? Give any four reasons in support of your answer.
(HOTS;
All India 2010; Delhi 2010c)
or
Training is beneficial both for organisation as well as for the employees. Explain any three benefits of training towards the organisation and any three towards the employees. (Delhi 2008)
Ans.
No, as per my opinion, manager’s view point is not correct. Training is beneficial for both, viz organisation and for workers.
Training is important for an organisation
Training is important for an organisation because of the following reasons;
(i) Training of the workers leads to increase in productivity and reduction of wastages.
(ii) It reduces absenteeism and labour turnover as trained workers become more confident and thus, they become regular and stick to their job and place.
(iii) It is required to teach technology and work methods to employees.
Training is important for the employees
The employees training in an organisation is necessary due to the following reasons (Any three)
(i) Systematic learning
Training is systematic learning, always better than hit and trial method which leads to reduction of wastage of efforts and money.
(ii) Increase in productivity
A trained worker is more efficient in his work. He has better knowledge, skills and speed for his job. This leads to increase output which is profitable for the enterprise.
(iii) Fewer accidents
Trained employees are proficient in handling machinery and equipment. Thus, less prone to accidents.
15. Explain in brief the following methods of training to the workers
- Apprenticeship training
- Job rotation traning
- Vestibule training (All India 2008; Delhi 2008C)
Ans. (i) Apprenticeship Training
In this, trainee work under the guidance and supervision of a guide or a trainer for a prescribed amount of time. During this process of training, the apprentice is imparted both theoritical and practical training, by the expert. Some of the areas of apprenticeship training includes
- Building construction.
- Skilled craft like those mechanics, electricians, welders, etc
(ii) Job rotation training This kind of training involves shifting the trainee from one department to another or from one job to another. This enables the trainee to gain a broader understanding of all parts of the business and how the organisation as a whole functions.
When employees are trained by this method, the organisation finds it easier at the time of promotions, replacements or transfers. This will broaden his horizon and capacity to do a variety of jobs. Rotation of an employee on different jobs should not be done frequently.
(iii)
Vestibule training
Vestibule method of training should be imparted in the given situation.
Under this method, employees learn their jobs on the equipment they will be using, but the training is conducted away from the actual work floor. Actual work environment is created in a classroom and employees use the same materials, files and equipments. This is usually done when employees are required to handle sophisticated machinery and equipment. Vestibule training is suitable where a large number of persons are to be trained at the same time for the same kind of work. The main emphasis is on learning rather than on production.
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