Financial Markets Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Stock Exchange, Functions and Trading Procedure on a Stock Exchange
1.Meaning of Stock Exchange According to Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, ‘Stock exchange means any body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, constituted for the purpose of assisting, regulating or controlling the business of buying and selling or dealing in securities.’
2.Functions of Stock Exchange
(i)Provides liquidity and marketability of existing securities
(ii)Pricing of securities
(iii)Contributes to economic growth
(iv)Spreading of equity cult
(v)Provides scope for speculation
(vi)Safety of transactions
3.Trading Procedure on a Stock Exchange
(i)Selection of a broker
(ii)Opening demat account with depository
(iii)Placing the order
(iv)Executing the order
(v)Settlement
4.Stock Market Vocabulary
(i)
Bear
A bear is a speculator who takes a pessimistic view of the share market and expects a fall in prices.
(ii)
Bull
A bull is a speculator who takes an optimistic view of the share market and expects a rise in prices.
(iii)
Stag
A speculater, who subscribes to a new issue expecting the price of the stock rise immediately at the starting time of trading.
(iv)
Lameduck
It is the second form of a bear. When a bear is unable or feels difficulty is fulfilling his commitment, he is called struggling like a lameduck.
(v)
Dematerialisation of securities
(Demat account) Converting physical certificates into electronic form.
(vi)
Demutualisation
It refers to separation of ownership and control of stock exchanges from the trading rights of members.
(vii)
Depository
Depository is an institution/organisation which holds securities e.g. shares, debentures, bonds, mutual funds, etc.) in electronic form, in which trading is done.
(viii)
Listed securities
Securities which are traded on the stock exchange are known as listed securities.
5.Sensex
It is the benchmark of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), Since, BSE is a leading stock exchange of Indian stock market, the SENSEX is an important indicator of Indian stock market. •
Previous Year Examination Questions
1 Mark Question
1.State any one function of stock exchange. (Delhi 2012)
Ans
. It provides liquidity and marketability to existing securities.
3 Marks Question
2.’Stock exchange not only contributes to the economic growth, but also performs
many other functions’. Explain any three such functions. (AllIndia2014)
Ans.
A stock exchange provides a platform for disinvestment and reinvestment of savings into most productive avenues stock. Thus leads to economic growth.
However, stock exchange performs following functions:
(i)
Provides liquidity and marketability of existing securities
Stock exchange provides a ready and continuous market where securities are bought and sold. It gives investors the chance to disinvest or reinvest. Thus, regular dealing provides both liquidity and marketability to existing securities.
(ii)
Pricing of securities
The stock exchange helps in determining the prices of various securities that reflect their real worth. It enables correct pricing of securities through the interplay of demand and supply. ‘
(iii)
Safety of transaction
The stock exchange is well regulated and its dealings are well defined according to the existing legal framework. This ensures that the investing public gets a safe and fair deal in the market.
4/5 Marks Questions
3.Explain the trading procedure on a stock exchange (Compartment 2014)
Ans.
The procedure for purchase of and sale of securities in a stock exchange involves the following steps:
(i)
Selection of a broker
The first step is to select a broker, who will buy/sell securities on behalf of the investor/speculator. Brokers may be individuals, partnership firms or corporate bodies. Selection of broker is compulsory as trading can only be done by SEBI registered brokers, who are members of a stock exchange.
(ii)
Opening of a demat account with depository
Dematerialised (Demat) account refers to an account which an individual must open with the depository participant (banks, stock brokers) to trade in the listed securities in electronic form.
Depository is an institution/organisation which holds securities in electronic form, in which trading is to be done. At present there are two depositories in India
(a)NSDL (National,Securities Depository Ltd.) and
(b)CDSL (Central Depository Services Ltd.)
Depository Participant (DP) maintain your securities account balance and intimates the account statues from time to time.
(iii)
Placing the order
The next step is to place the order with the broker, which can be done through telephone, cell phone, e-mail, etc.
Instruction regarding which securities and how many securities are to be bought or sold should be clearly given to the broker.
(iv)
Executing the order
According to the instructions, the broker executes the order and buys or sells the required securities. The broker than issues a contract note. A copy of contract note specifies the name and the price of securities, names of parties, brokerage charges, etc., which is signed by the broker.
(vi)
Settlement
This is the last stage in the trading of securities done by brokers on behalf of their clients. The mode of settlement depends upon the nature of contract.
Equity spot markets follow a T + 2 rolling settlement. This means a trade taking place on Monday gets settled by Wednesday. Trading times on stock exchange are between 9:55 am and 3:30 pm 1ST, from Monday to Friday. Each exchange has its own clearing house, which assumes all settlement risk.
4.Explain any four functions of stock exchange. (Delhi 2013)
or
Explain any four functions of stock exchange. (All India 2011)
or
List the functions of stock exchange and explain any two. (All India 2008)
or
Explain any four functions of stock exchange. (Delhi 2008; All India 2008)
Ans.
Main functions of stock exchange are as follows:
(i)
Pricing of securities
The stock market helps to value the securities on the basis of demand and supply factors. Higher the demand for such securities, higher is their value. The valuation of securities is useful for investors, government and creditors.
(ii)
Contributes to economic growth
In stock exchange, securities of various companies are bought and sold. This process of disinvestment and reinvestment helps to invest in most productive investment proposal and this leads to capital formation and economic growth.
(iii)
Spreading of equity cult
Stock exchange encourages people to invest in ownership securities by regulating new issues, better trading practices and by educating people about investment.
(iv)
Liquidity
The main function of stock market is to provide ready market for sale and purchase of securities which assures the investors that their investment can be converted into cash whenever they want. The investors can invest in long-term investment projects, as because of stock exchange they can convert it into short-term and medium-term.
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