CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Paper 2023 (Series: ZZYY1/6) with Solutions

Students can find that CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Social Science with Solutions and CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Paper 2023 (Series: ZZYY1/6) effectively boost their confidence.

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Paper 2023 (Series: ZZYY1/6) with Solutions

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions very carefully and follow them:

• This question paper contains 37 questions. All questions are compulsory. Question paper comprises six Sections—A, B, C, D, E and F. There are 37 questions in the question paper.
• Section A – Question nos. 1 to 20 are Multiple Choice Questions ofl mark each.
• Section B – Question nos. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
• Section C – Question nos. 25 to 29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
• Section D – Question nos. 30 to 33 are Long Answer Type Questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
• Section E – Question nos. 34 to 36 are Case based questions with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each.
• Section F – Question no. 37 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37(a) from History (2 marks) and 37(b) from Geography (3 marks).
• There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions has to be attempted.
• In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.

( SET I: Code No. 32/6/1)

SECTION-A

(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS) [20 × 1 = 20]

Question 1.
Match the following and choose the correct option.

(Leader)	(Role)
(A) Victor Emmanuel II	I. Chief Minister of Italy
(B) Guiseppe Mazzini	II. Young Italy Movement
(C) Guiseppe Garibaldi	III. Conquered the Kingdom of Sicillies
(D) Count Cavour	IV. Proclaimed as king of Unified Italy

	(A)	(B)	(c)	(D)
(a)	I	IV	III	II
(b)	II	I	IV	III
(c)	IV	II	III	I
(d)	I	IV	II	III

Answer:
(c) IV II III I

Question 2.
Who among the following brought out ‘Bengal Gazette’ the first weekly newspaper? [1]
(a) Bipin Chandra Pal
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Gangadhar Bhattacharya
(d)Raja Rammohan Roy
Answer:
(c) Gangadhar Bhattacharya

Question 3.
Which of the following industries increased with the expansion of railways in England from 1840s to 1860s? [1]
(a) Iron and Steel
(b) Jute and Cotton
(c) Aluminium and Bauxite
(d) Copper and Steel
Answer:
(a) Iron and Steel

Question 4.
Why did Europeans flee to America in 19th century? Identify the correct reason from the following options: [1]
(a) Poverty and diseases
(b) Due to gold rush
(c) To escape from the French Revolution
(d) As an aftermath of the Vietnam War
Answer:
(a) Poverty and diseases

Question 5.
Identify the Crop with the help of the following information and choose the correct option. [1]

This is the staple food crop. This is a Kharif crop. It requires high temperature and high humidity. It requires above 100 cm of annual rainfall.

Options:
(a) Wheat
(b) Maize
(c) Rice
(d) Jwar
Answer:
(c) Rice

Question 6.
Match the Column – A with Column – B and choose the correct option: [1]

Column – A (River)	Column – B (Dam)
(I) Mahanadi	1. Sardar Sarovar
(II) Narmada	2. Hirakud
(III) Chamba	3. Salal
(IV) Chenab	4. Rana Pratap Sagar

	I	II	III	IV
(a)	4	3	2	1
(b)	3	4	1	2
©	2	1	4	3
(d)	1	2	3	4

Answer:
(c) 2 1 4 3

Question 7.
Which of the following pair is correctly matched? [1]
(a) Alluvial Soil – Western Rajasthan
(b) Black Soil – Northern Plain
(c) Arid Soil – Deccan Plateau
(d) Laterite Soil – Western Ghats
Answer:
(d) Laterite Soil-Western Ghats

Question 8.
Which one of the following organizations prepares the ‘World Development Report’? 1
(a) World Bank
(b) International Monetary Fund
(c) World Health Organisation
(d) International Labour Organisation
Answer:
(a) World Bank

Question 9.
Which one of the following is the preceding Government Agency of NITI Aayog? [1]
(a) Planning Commission
(b) Election Commission
(c) University Grants Commission
(d) Union Public Service Commission
Answer:
(a) Planning Commission

Question 10.
Assume there are four families in a locality. If the income of each family is ₹6,000, ₹4,000, ₹7,000 and ₹3,000, then find out the average income of the locality from the following options: [1]
(a) ₹5,000
(b) ₹3,000
(c) ₹2,000
(d) ₹6,000
Answer:

Question 11.
Which one of the following is a major benefit to a local company which goes for joint production with an MNC? [1]
(a) MNC provides Money and Technology to local company.
(b) MNC takes all decisions to reduce burden of local company.
(c) MNC purchases all shares of local company for faster production.
(d) MNC might ask for labour and capital investment from local company.
Answer:
(a) MNC provides Money and Technology to local company.

Question 12.
Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched? [1]
(a) Primary Sector – Money Lender
(b) Secondary Sector – Priest
(c) Tertiary Sector – Bank
(d) Manufacturing Sector – Gardener
Answer:
(c) Tertiary Sector – Bank

Question 13.
Which one of the following is an activity of the unorganized sector? [1]
(a) A teacher teaching in a school.
(b) A worker going to work in a big factory.
(c) A doctor treating patients in a hospital.
(d) A daily wage labourer working under a contractor.
Answer:
(d) A daily wage labourer working under a contractor.

Question 14.
Who among the following takes the decision regarding saving and loan activities in the Self Help Groups (SHGs)? [1]
(a) Manager of a Bank
(b) Members of Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO)
(c) Local Money Lenders
(d) Members of Self-Help Group (SHG)
Answer:
(d) Members of Self-Help Group (SHG)

Question 15.
Consider the following statements on Power sharing and choose the correct option. [1]
I. Imposing the will of majority community over others.
II. It helps in reducing the possibility of conflict between the social groups.
III. Power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.
IV. It brings socio-political opposition among parties.
Options:
(a) I and III
(b) II and III
(c) I and IV
(d) I and II
Answer:
(b) II and III

Question 16.
Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. [1]
Assertion (A): Political Parties are important in the functioning of democracy.
Reason (R): The media plays an important role in the making of Political Parties.
Options:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Question 17.
Match Column – A with Column – B and choose the correct option. [1]

Column – A (Subjects)	Column – B (List)
(I) E-Programming	1. Concurrent List
(II) Police	2. Union List
(III) Education	3. State List
(IV) Defence	4. Residuary List

	I	II	III	IV
(a)	4	3	1	2
(b)	3	4	1	2
(c)	4	1	3	2
(d)	4	2	1	3

Answer:
(a) 4 3 1 2

Question 18.
Which one of the following countries has One Party System? [1]
(a) China
(b) India
(c) Pakistan
(d) America
Answer:
(a) China

Question 19.
Read the following statements and choose the correct option: [1]
I. There is no official religion, in India.
II. Communities have freedom to profess and practice their religion.
III. State helps communities by giving aid to educational institutions run by them.
IV. India believes in theocracy.
Option:
(a) I, II and III
(b) I, II and IV
(c) II, III and IV
(d) I, III and IV
Answer:
(a) I, II and III

Question 20.
Which one of the following countries has the highest representation of women in their National Parliament? [1]
(a) Russia
(b) Australia
(c) Sweden
(d) India
Answer:
(c) Sweden

SECTION-B

(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS) [4 × 2 = 8]

Question 21.
How did the ‘Treaty of Constantinople’ of 1832 recognize Greece as an independent nation? Explain. [2]
Answer:
Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire since the 15th century. The growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe sparked off a struggle for independence amongst the Greeks which began in 1821 . Nationalists in Greece got support from other Greeks living in exile and from West Europeans who had sympathies for ancient Greek culture. Pcets and Artists lauded Greece as the cradle of European civilisation and mobilised public opinion to support its struggle against a Muslim (Ottoman) empire. The English poet Lord Byron organised funds. Finally, the treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Greece – as an independent nation.

Question 22.
(A) Explain any two efforts taken by the Government of India to modernise agriculture. [1 × 2 = 2]
Or, (B) Explain any two features of Rabi cropping season. [1 × 2 = 2]
Answer:
(A) The following measures have been taken by the goverument of India to modemise agriculture:

• Establishment of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
• Setting up of Agricultural Universities.
• Development of advanced veterinary services and Animal Breeding Centres.
• Development of horticulture.
• Research and development in the field of meteorology and weather forecasts, etc. (any two)

(B) Rabicrops (Winter crops):
1. These are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.
2. Availability of precipitation during winter months due to westem temperate cyclones helps in successful growth.
3. Important crops are wheat, barely, mustard, peas, gram etc.

Question 23.
Explain the role of Election Commission regarding recognition of Political Parties in India. [2]
Answer:
For recognition of political parties in India, the Electron Commission has set the following criteria:

• Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission.
• While the Commission treats all parties equally, it offers some special facilities to large and established parties.
• These parties are given a unique symbol – only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol.
• Parties that get this privilege and some other special facilities are ‘recognised’ by the Election Commission and are called ‘Recognised Political Parties’.
• The Election Commission has laid down detailed criteria of the proportion of votes and seats that a party must get in order to be a recognised party.

Question 24.
How to create more employment in rural areas? Explain with examples. [2]
Answer:
Ways to create more employment in nural areas:
(i) Provision of loans may help in creating jobs for disguised unemployed and under-employed workers in rural area. The loan money can be used for the promotion of economic activity of the family, adding to the family’s eaming or for setting up a cottage industry.

(ii) Another way is to promote and locate industries and services in semi-rural areas where a large number of people may be employed. Example, Setting up a dal mill, opening a cold storage, starting or promoting honey collection.

(iii) Centres for vegetables and fruit processing, health centres, educational institutions, tourism and IT centres can also help in creating jobs in rural area.

SECTION-C

(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS) [5 × 3 = 15]

Question 25.
Examine any three effects of Print culture on the French Revolution. [3]
Answer:
Following are the effects of print culture on French Revolution:
(i) Print popularised the ideas of enlightened thinkers like Voltaire and Rousseau, and those who read these books, started questioning everything and developed critical and rational thinking. These thinkers attacked the sacred authority of the Church and despotic power of the State.

(ii) All existing values, norms and institutions, which were never questioned earlier, were revalued through debates and discussions by the public in print.

(iii) By 1780s, there was an outpour of literature that mocked royalty and criticised their morality. The existing social order was criticised. Through cartoons and caricatures, they made people aware that while common people were going through tremendous hardships, the monarchy remained absorbed in merry-making and did not care about sufferings of common peopleThis ultimately led to the growth of a hostile feeling against the monarchy.

Question 26.
(A) Why do we call Tourism as a Trade? Explain. [3]
Or, (B) Explain the importance of Transportation in the economic development of the country. [3]
Answer:
(A) We call Tourism as a trade because:

• With increase in the number of foreign tourists visiting India, we earned foreign exchange worth 30 billion dollars in 2019 which is further increasing year by year making tourism an important trade.
• Over 17 million foreign tourists visit India every year for appreciating our heritage, our culture, for medical purposes or for business purposes, etc.
• Over 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry.
• Tourism promotes national integration, provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits.
• Tourism also helps in the development of international understanding about our culture and heritage.
• Rajasthan, Goa, Jammu & Kashmir and temple towns of south India are the most popular tourist destinations. These states earn huge sums of money from tourism trade.

(B) Transportation is necessary:

• for the movement of goods and services from their supply location to demand location. i.c., to link production centres with consumption centres.
• for the movement of people from one region to the other.
• for carrying out trade at all levels.
• to supply goods, resources, etc. from the surplus regions to deficient regions.
• for supplying relief measures to the regions where some natural calamities strike.
• for transporting raw materials from mining regions and farms to the industries, etc. Efficient means of transport are the prerequisite for economic development of a nation.

Question 27.
Distinguish between formal and informal sources of credit. [3]
Answer:
Following are the differences between Formal and Informal sources of credit:
(i) Banks and Cooperative Societies fall under the formal sector. One can obtain loans from banks or cooperative societies. In the informal sector, money can be borrowed from a person, friend, relative, money-lenders, traders, employers, etc.

(ii) The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans, On the other hand, there is no organisation that checks or supervises the activities of lenders in the informal sector.

(iii) Bank loans require documentation and collateral (collateral is an asset such as land, building, vehicles, livestock, deposits with the bank, etc.). This is used as a guarantee to the lender until the loan is paid back, whereas the loans from informal sources do not require any such collateral.

(iv) Compared to formal lenders most of the informal lenders charge a much higher, rate of interest on loans. Poor people are unable to obtain loans from formal sector because they do not have assets that can be used as collateral.
(Any three)

Question 28.
“In modern democracies, power sharing arrangements can take many forms.” Explain the statement. [3]
Answer:
Forms of Power-Sharing:
(i) Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. This is horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government, placed at the same level to exercise different powers. A system of checks and balances ensures that in such a distribution none of the organs can exercise unlimited powers. Example: In India the judiciary has an independent status. The Supreme Court is the apex court of justice. The Parliament is the legislative body where the laws governing the country are made and the Executive is the implementing body.

(ii) Power can be shared among governments at different levels – a general government for the entire country and governments at provincial or regional level. This is the federal form of government. The Constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of government. This federal division of power involving higher and lower levels of government is also called the vertical division of power.
Example: A key change in the Constitution of Belgium in 1993 was that the regional governments were given constitutional powers that were no longer dependent on the Central Government. Thus, Belgium shifted from a unitary to a federal form of government.

(iii) Power may also be shared among different social groups, such as religious and linguistic groups.
Example: ‘Community government’ in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement. The government is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German speaking, no matter where they live.

(iv) Power-sharing arrangement can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power. In contemporary democracies, this takes the form of competition among different parties who form alliances to contest elections.
Example: In India, there were three major alliances in 2004 parliamentary elections- the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) and the Left Front.

Question 29.
Why is the issue of sustainability important for development? Explain with examples. [3]
Answer:
(i) Development of a country needs to be continuous. Every country would like to have the level of development go up further.

(ii) Mary scientists have warned that the present levels of development cannot be sustained for the future as the present rate of consumption of both renewable and non-renewable resources is very high. Rapid industralisation has led to environmental degredation.

(iii) Sustainable development aims at development without damaging the environment and at the same time conserving for the future.

(iv) Sustainability of development is essential not only for the present generation but also for future generations to ensure a good life. For example, if all renewable and non-renewable resources are not conserved for future, then it will be a threat to economic and social development in the future.

SECTION-D

(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS) [4 × 5 = 20]

Question 30.
(A) How did the Business class relate itself to the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain with examples. [5]
Or, (B) ‘Workers of Assam had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj.’ Explain with examples. [5]
Answer:
(A) Role of Merchants and the Industrialists (Business Class) in the Civil Disobedience Movenent:

• Merchants reacted against colonial policies that restricted business activities.
• They wanted protection against import of foreign goods and wanted a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
• Industrialists formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920.
• They formed the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927 .
• They refused to sell or buy imported goods. They gave financial assistance and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• For Example, Industrialists like G.D.Birla and Purshottamdas Thakurdas attacked colonial control over the Indian economy.

Or, (B) “The plantation workers in Assam had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj”-
(i) For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed.

(ii) Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission.

(iii) Swaraj meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come.

(iv) When they heard of the Non-cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home.

(v) They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own village.

Question 31.
(A) How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced? Explain with examples. [5]
Or, (B) “The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.” Explain with examples. [5]
Answer:
(A) Ways through which the Industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced:

• Minimising the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
• Harvesting of rain-water to meet water requirements of industries and other domestic purposes.
• Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds in the following ways:

– Primary treatment by mechanical means such as screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
– Secondary treatment by biological process.
– Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water.
Or, (B) Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
Manufacturing belongs to the secondary sector in which the primary materials are processed and converted into finished goods. The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.
Importance of manufacturing industries for India:

• It helps in modernising agriculture, which is the base of our economy.
• It reduces heavy dependence on agricultural income by providing jobs in nonagricultural sectors.
• Industrial development is necessary for eradication of poverty and unemployment because people get jobs and generate more income.
• Export of manufactured goods expands trade and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
• Industries bring riches faster to a nation because manufacturing changes raw materials into finished goods of a higher value, so industrial development brings prosperity to the country.

Question 32.
Why is Democratic Government considered as Legitimate Government? Explain. [5]
Or, (B) How is Democracy a better form of government in comparison to dictatorship? Explain. [5]
Answer:
(A) Democratic government is a legitimate government. It may be slow, less efficient, not always very responsive or clean. But a democratic government is peoples’ own government. That is why there is an overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world. People wish to be ruled by representatives elected by them. As democratic government is peoples’ own government, they believe that democracy is suitable for their country. Democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that cannot be ignored.
Or, (B) Democratic governments are better than non-democracies (dictatorship) because:

Democracy	Dictatorship
(i) Based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation, thus the necessary delay in implementation.	(i) Do not have to bother about majorities and/or public opinion, thus can be quick and efficient in decision-making.
(ii) Decisions are acceptable to people and are more effective.	(ii) May take decisions not accepted by the people.
(iii) A citizen has the right and the means to examine the process of decisionmaking. There is transparency.	(iii) Transparency is missing from a non-democratic form of government. There is no accountability of the government to the people,
(iv) Democratic government is a legitimate government, people’s own government.	(iv) In a dictatorship there is rule of monarch or military or religious leader. There is no participation by the people.
(v) There is inability of democracy to achieve higher economic growth which is a cause of worry.	(v) Dictatorships for last fifty years have achieved slightly higher rate of economic growth.
(vi) Ability to handle differences, decisions and conflicts is a positive point of democratic regimes.	(vi) Non-democratic regimes often turn a blind eye to or suppress internal social differences.
(vii) Democracy has strengthened the claims of the disadvantaged and discriminated castes for equal status and equal opportunity.	(vii) In a non-democratic set up, the gender or disadvantaged inequality would not have legal basis because the principle of individual freedom and dignity would not have the legal and moral force.

Question 33.
“Liberalisation of foreign trade and foreign investment policy have shown far reaching changes in India.” Support the statement with suitable arguments. [5]
Or, (B) ‘Among producers and workers, the impact of globalization has not been uniform.’ Support the statement with suitable arguments. [5]
Answer:
(A) Removing barriers or restrictions set by the government is what is known as liberalisation.
(i) Liberalisation of trade and investment policies allows Indian producers to compete with producers around the globe leading to an improvement in performance and quality of products.

(ii) After the barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment were removed to a large extent, goods could be imported and exported easily and also foreign companies could set up factories and offices in India. This has led to an increase in trade between different countries.

(iii) Businesses are allowed to make decisions freely about what they wish to import or export due to the liberal policies of the government.

(iv) Doors of investment opened up for MNCs. They have been investing large sums of money in India and have been seeking to earn large profits.
Thus, liberalisation gives impetus to the process of rapid integration and inter-connection between countries, i.e., globalisation.
Or
(B) Globalisation has not has a uniform impact among producers and workers because:

(i) Globalisation has posed a major challenge for a large number of small producers and workers. Small manufacturers have been hit hard due to competition causing many industrial units to shut down, rendering many workers jobless in small industries. (The small industries in India employ 20 million workers.)

(ii) Due to the pressure of competition, most employers do not employ workers on a permanent basis; to avoid paying for the whole year.

(iii) Workers’ jobs are not secure any more, wages are low and they are forced to work overtime to earn adequate money.

(iv) In order to cut costs of products for the benefit of MNCs, employers in industries such as garment exports, pay very low wages to workers. Hence, there is a need for ‘fair globalisation’ which will ensure that the benefits of globalisation are shared better in a more equitable manner.

SECTION-E

(CASE BASED/SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS) [3 × 4 = 12]

Question 34.
Read the given source and answer the questions that follow: [4]
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
By the first decade of the twentieth century a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialization in India. As the swadeshi movement gathered momentum, nationalists mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth. Industrial groups organised themselves to protect their collective interests, pressurising the government to increase tariff protection and grant other concessions. From 1906, moreover, the export of Indian yam to China declined since produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production. Cotton piece goods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912.
Yet, till the First World War, industrial growth was slow. The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Suddenly, Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs: jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items. New factories were set up and old ones ran multiple shifts. Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours. Over the war years industrial production boomed.
(34.1) What was the Swadeshi Movement? [1]
(34.2) Why did the Cotton piece goods production in India double between 1900 to 1912? [1]
(34.3) Explain any two events that helped India to regain its market. [2]
Answer:
34.1 The Swadeshi Movement advocated the boycott of foreign goods and British Institutions. It also advocated Mass mobilization which saw many people come together to raise awareness and demand Swaraj.

34.2 From 1906, the export of Indian Yarn to China declined. So industrialists in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production. Thus, cotton piece goods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912.

34.3 Events that helped India to region its market:
(i) During the First World War, British Mills were busy with war production to meet the needs of the army. As a result, Manchester imports into India declined and Indian mills had a vast home market to supply.

(ii) As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called up to supply war needs like jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents, leather boots, horse and mule Saddles and a host of other items. Thus, industrial production boomed.

Question 35.
Read the given source and answer the questions that follow: [4]
COMMUNITY AND CONSERVATION
Conservation strategies are not new in our country. We often ignore that in India, forests are also home to some of the traditional communities. In some areas of India, local communities are struggling to conserve these habitats along with government officials, recognising that only this will secure their own long-term livelihood. In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining by, citing the Wildlife Protection Act. In many areas, villagers themselves are protecting habitats and explicitly rejecting government involvement. The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’, declaring their own set 6f rules and regulations which do not allow hunting, and are protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.
(35.1) How are forests related with Communities? [1]
(35.2) Explain the aim of Wildlife Protection Act.’ [1]
(35.3) How are communities working for the conservation of Wildlife? Explain with example. [2]
Answer:
35.1 In India forests are home to some of the traditional communities. Local communities conserved these habitats to secure their own long-term livelihood.

35.2 Under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972, an All India list of protected species was published. The aim was to protect the remaining population of certain endangered species by: (a) banning hunting (b) giving legal protection to their habitats and (c) restricting trade in wildlife.

35.3 (i) In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife
Protection Act.
(ii) The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1,200 hectares of forests as Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’ declaring their own set of rules and regulation which do not allow hunting and protect wildlife against outside encroachments.

Question 36.
Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:
DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
This new system of local government is the largest experiment in democracy conducted anywhere in the world. There are now about 36 lakh elected representatives in the panchayats and municipalities etc., all over the country. This number is bigger than the population of many countries in the world. Constitutional status for local government has helped to deepen democracy in our country. It has also increased women’s representation and voice in our democracy. At the same time, there are many difficulties. While elections are held regularly of Panchayats and people participate enthusiastically in it but meetings of gram sabhas are not held regularly.
(36.1) Why is Indian decentralisation considered as the largest experiment in democracy? [1]
(36.2) Analyse how constitutional status for local government has helped to deepen democracy in India? [1]
(36.3) Explain any two steps taken by the Indian Government for decentralisation. 2
Answer:
36.1 There are about 36 lakh elected representatives in the panchayats and municipalities all over the country. This number is bigger than the population of many countries in the world. So, Indian decentralisation is considered as the largest experiment in democracy.

36.2 By increasing Women’s representation and voice in the country, the constitutional status of local government has helped to deepen democracy in India.

36.3 Steps taken by the Indian Government for decentralisation:
(i) Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to Local Government bodies.
(ii) Atleast one-third of all positions are reserved for women.
(ii) States are reserved in elected bodies for SC, ST and OBCs.

SECTION-F

(MAP SKILL BASED QUESTIONS) [2 + 3 = 5]

Question 37.
(i) Two places (A) and (B) have been marked on the given political outline Map of India. Identify them with the help of given information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.
(a) The Place where Indian National Congress Session was held in 1927. [1]
(b) The Place where Mahatma Gandhi broke Salt law. [1]

(ii) On the same outline map of India – locate and label any three of the following with suitable symbols: [3]
(i) Indira Gandhi International Airport.
(ii) Kakrapara – Atomic Power Station.
(iii) Hyderabad – Software Technology Park
(iv) Kandla Sea Port
Note: The following questions are only for the Visually Impaired Candidates in lieu of question no. 37. [5 × 1 = 5]
ATTEMPT ANY FIVE:
(37.1) Name the place where the session of Indian National Congress was held in 1927. 1
(37.2) Name the place where Mahatma Gandhi broke the Salt law. [1]
(37.3) Name the city where Indira Gandhi International Airport is located. [1]
(37.4) Name the State where Kakrapara Nuclear plant is located. [1]
(37.5) Name the State where Hyderabad Software Technology park is located. [1]
(37.6) Name the State where Kandla Sea Port is located. [1]
Answer:

FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED CANDIDATES:
37.1 Madras
37.2 Dandi (Gujarat)
37.3 Delhi
37.4 Gujarat
37.5 Telangana
37.6 Gujarat

(SET II: Code No. 32/6/2 )

Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in Set I.

SECTION-B

(VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)

Question 21.
How was a new ‘British nation’, formed through the propagation of a dominant English Culture? Explain. [2]
Answer:
A new ‘British Nation’ was formed through propagation of English culture. The activists of the New Britain—”the British Flag (Union Jack), National Anthem (God save our noble King) and the English language” were promoted, and the older nations became the subordinate partners in the Union.

Question 23.
How do Political Parties influence public opinion? Examine. [2]
Answer:
Political Parties raise and highlight issues. Parties have lakhs of members and activists spread all over the country. Many of the pressure groups are the extensions of political parties among different ‘ sections of society. Parties sometimes also launch movements for the resolution of problems faced by people. Often opinions in the society crystallize on the lines that the parties take.

SECTION-C

(SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)

Question 25.
How did print come in India? Explain with example. [3]
Answer:

• The printing press first came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in the mid-sixteenth century.
• After learning Konkani, Jesuit priests printed in the Konkani and Kanara languages.
• Catholic priests printed the first Tamil book in 1579 at Cochin and the first Malayalam book was printed by them in 1713. By 1710, Dutch Protestant missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts, many of which were translations of older texts.
• By the end of the 18th century, a number of newspapers and journals appeared in print. Indians too, began to publish Indian newspapers.
• The Bepgal Gazette was the first to appear. It was brought out by Gangadhar Bhattacharya, who was close to Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

Question 27.
“The use of money spans a very large part of our everyday life.” Support the statement with example. [3]
Answer:

• Money plays a central role in our daily life. It is used as a medium of exchange to carry out transactions.
• Money in exchange buys food, clothing, shelter and other basic necessities of life.
• Money provides us social security. It is needed to procure services like transport, education, healthcare, entertainment, recreation, and so on. Money facilitates business and trade and is the basis of the working of an economy.

Question 28.
Why is power sharing desirable in democracy? Explain. [3]
Answer:
(i) A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and who have
to live with the effects. Power sharing ensures that people have the right to be consulted and have equal participation in the government.

(ii) In a democracy, each individual has a say in governance through their elected representatives. This is the essence of power sharing that grants equal rights to each citizen.

(iii) Sharing of power ensures that respect for diversity and desire for living together becomes a shared ideal amongst different communities in a country. It actually makes the country united and the administration easier.

(iv) Prudential reasons stress that power sharing would bring out better outcomes by helping to reduce the possibility of any conflict between the social groups.

(v) Power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order through unity of the nation.

SECTION-D

(LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)

Question 32.
(A) How does democracy promote Political and Social values? Explain. [5]
Or
(B) ‘Democracy is best suited to produce its own outcomes.’ Explain. [5]
Answer:
(A) Democracy promotes political and social values by:
(i) Dignity of women. Democracy recognises dignity of women as a necessary ingredient of society. The one way to ensure that women related problems get adequate attention is to have more women as elected representatives. To achieve this, it is legally binding to have a fair proportion of women in the elected bodies. Panchayati Raj in India has reserved one-third seats in local government bodies for women. In March 2010, the Women’s Reservation Bill was passed in the Rajya Sabha ensuring 33% reservation for women in Parliament and State legislative bodies.

(ii) Democracy has strengthened the claims of disadvantaged and discriminated castes. When governments are formed, political parties usually take care that representatives of different castes and tribes find a place in it. Some political parties are known to favour some castes. Democracy provides for equal status and opportunities for all castes.

(iii) Democracy transforms people from the status of a subject into that of a citizen. A democracy is concerned with ensuring that people will have the right to choose their rulers and people will have control over the rulers. Whenever possible and necessary, citizens should be able to participate in decision-making that affects them all.

(iv) A citizen has the right and the means to examine the process of decision-making. There is transparency in a democracy like India. In October 2005, the Right to Information (RTI) law was passed which ensures all its citizens the right to get all the
information about the functioning of the government departments. In a democracy, people also have the right to complain about its functioning.

(v) A democratic government is legitimate and this makes ordinary citizens value their democratic rights and take a position that democracy can address all social, economic and political problems. Critical evaluation of the policies of the government by the electronic media and newspapers also results in a healthier and vibrant democracy.
Or, (B) There are certain things that democracy must provide:

(i) In a democracy people have the right to choose their rulers and people will have control over them. Whenever possible and necessary, citizens should be able to participate in decision-making, that affects them all.
Thus the most basic outcome of democracy is that it produces a government that is accountable to the citizens and is responsive to their needs and expectations.

(ii) It is right to expect democracy to produce a government that follows procedures and is accountable to people. To do so, the democratic government develops mechanisms for citizens—regular, free and fair elections, open public debate on major policies and legislations, and citizens’ right to information about the government and its functioning. Thus, people wish to be ruled by the representatives elected by them. Therefore, democracy’s ability to generate its own support is in itself an outcome that cannot be ignored.

Question 33.
(A) The Government can play a major role in making a fair Globalisation. Examine the statement. [5]
Or
(B) Analyse the impact of Globalisation in India. [5]
Answer:
(A) The government can play a major role in making fair globalisation possible. Fair globalisation would create opportunities for all and also ensure that the benefits of globalisation are shared better. Government policies must protect the interests not only of the rich and the powerful, but also of all the people in the country.
(i) Government should ensure that labour laws are implemented and workers’ rights are protected.

(ii) Government should support small producers to improve their performance till the time they become strong enough to compete with foreign competition.

(iii) If necessary, government should put trade and investment barriers.

(iv) It can negotiate with WTO for fairer rules.

(v) It can also align with other developing countries with similar interests to fight against the domination of developed countries in the WTO.
Or
(B) Globalisation has had both a positive as well as a negative effect:
1. People with education, skill and wealth have benefitted by globalisation.
(i) Greater competition among producers (both local and foreign) has been advantageous to consumers, particularly the well-off section. Rich people enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products and enjoy a higher standard of living.

(ii) MNCs have increased their investments in India over the past 20 years in industries such as cell phones, automobiles, electronics, soft drinks, fast food and services such as banking.

(iii) New jobs have been created in all these industries and services.

(iv) Top Indian companies have benefitted from the increased competition. They have invested in newer technology and production methods.

(v) Some Indian companies have gained from successful collaborations with foreign companies. Globalisation has enabled some companies to emerge as multinationals.

2. However, globalisation has not been uniform among producers and workers.
(i) Globalisation has posed a major challenge for a large number of small producers and workers. Small manufacturers have been hit hard due to competition causing many industrial units to shut down, rendering many workers jobless in small industries. (The small industries in India employ 20 million workers.)

(ii) Due to the pressure of competition, most employers do not employ workers on a permanent basis; to avoid paying for the whole year.

(iii) Workers’ jobs are not secure any more, wages are low and they are forced to work overtime to earn adequate money.

(iv) In order to cut costs of products for the benefit of MNCs, employers in industries Such as garment exports, pay very low wages to workers. Hence, there is a need for ‘fair globalisation’ which will ensure that the benefits of globalisation are shared better in a more equitable manner.

( SET III: Code No. 32/6/3 )

Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in Set I & II.

SECTION-B

(VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)

Question 21.
Mention any two objectives of the “Treaty of Vienna” of 1815. [2]
Answer:
Objective of the Treaty of Vienna of 1815:
(i) The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during Napoleonic Wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power.

(ii) France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to present French expansion in future.

Question 23.
Examine any two features of Bi-Party system. [2]
Answer:
Features of bi-party system:

• Power usually changes between two parties.
• The party that wins majority forms the government and the other sits in opposition.

SECTION-C

(SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)

Question 25.
“By the end of 19th century a new visual culture took shape in India.” Explain the statement with examples. [3]
Answer:
(i) By the end of 19th century, a new visual culture had started.

(ii) Increasing number of printing presses helped in the production of visual images and reproduced them in multiple copies.

(iii) Painters like Raja Ravi Varma helped in producing images for mass circulation.

(iv) Cheap prints and calendars were easily available in markets and could be bought even by the poor to decorate the walls of their homes or workplaces. These prints helped in developing popular ideas about modernity and tradition, religion and politics and society and culture.

Question 27.
Explain any three terms of Credit. [3]
Answer:
An agreement in which the lender supplies the borrower with money, goods or services in return of a promise for future payment. Interest rate, collateral and documentation requirement and mode of repayment together comprise terms of credit.
Terms of Credits are:
(i) Interest rates. The interest rate is the rate elicited when borrowing and lending loans. It is stated in the document.

(ii) Collateral. It is an asset that borrower owns, such as a house, shop or any other property. It is a guarantee to a lender to get the loan amount by selling the asset.

(iii) Documentation required. Before lending money, lenders review all documents related to the borrower’s employment history and income.

(iv) Mode of repayment. It is the time frame and the mode of repayment of the loans. Loans can be repaid in monthly instalments, in cash, cheque or by other means.

Question 28.
Explain any three steps taken by the Belgian government to accommodate regional differences. [3]
Answer:
The power-sharing arrangements made by the Belgian leaders were different and more innovative than any other country. To recognise the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities, they amended their Constitution four times between 1970 and 1993.
The major elements of the Belgian Model are:
(i) Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government. No single community can take decisions unilaterally.

(ii) The State Governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.

(iii) Brussels, the capital, has a separate government where both the communities have equal representation.

(iv) A third kind of government, ‘Community Government’, is elected by people belonging to one language community — Dutch, French and German speaking—no matter where they live. This government can decide on cultural, educational and language related issues.

SECTION-D

(LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)

Question 32.
(A) Respect and equal treatment to women are necessary ingredients in a democratic society. Support the statement with examples. [5]
Or
(B) ‘ Democracy transforms people from the status of a subject into that of a citizen.’ Support ’ the statement with examples. [5]
Answer:
(A), In a democratic society, women are given the same political and civil rights as men. Democratic Society provides ways of autonomy and freedom. Its distributive justice reduces inequalities in resources and power.
It promotes universal brotherhood, integrity of character, love, sincerity honesty, firm attitude towards rendering help. Democratic society removes social evils including violence, torture, humiliation etc.
Democracy recognises dignity of women as a necessary ingredient of society. The one way to ensure that women related problems get adequate attention is to have more women as elected representatives. To achieve this, it is legally binding to have a fair proportion of women in the elected bodies.
Panchayati Raj in India has reserved one-third seats in local government bodies for women. In March 2010, the Women’s Reservation Bill was passed in the Rajya Sabha ensuring 33% reservation for women in Parliament and State legislative bodies.

OR, (B) Democracy transforms people from the status of a subject into that of a citizen.
(i) A democracy is concerned with ensuring that people will have the right to choose their rulers and people will have control over the rulers. Whenever possible and necessary, citizens should be able to participate in decision-making that affects them all.

(ii) There is transparency in a democracy like India. In October 2005, the Right to Information (RTI) law was passed which ensures all its citizens the right to get all the information about the functions of the government departments. In a democracy, people also have the right to complain about its functioning.

(iii) It is right to expect democracy to produce a government that follows procedures and is accountable to people. To do so, the democratic government develops mechanisms for citizens—regular, free and fair elections, open public debate on major policies and legislations, and citizens’ right to information about the government and its functioning. Thus people wish to be ruled by the representatives elected by them. Therefore, democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that cannot be ignored.

(iv) Passion for dignity, respect and freedom of the citizens is the basis of democracy and has been achieved in various degrees in various democracies.

(v) Democracy provides equal status and opportunities for all.

Question 33.
(A) ‘Globalisation is a multi-dimensional concept.’ Examine the statement. [5]
Or
(B) Examine the steps taken by the developing countries to attract foreign investment. [5]
Answer:
(A) Globalisation refers to the integration of an economy with the other countries based on interdependence. It is a multidimensional concept having political, economic and cultural manifestations. It is the process of exchange of ideas, capital, commodities and people. Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon whereby goods, capital, people, knowledge, ideas and culture readily flow across the boundaries. The worldwide ‘interconnectedness’ that is created and sustained is a consequence of these constant flows For example
(i) Movement of capital from one place to another.

(ii) People moving in search of better livelihoods to different parts of the World.

(iii) Commodities being traded across borders.
Or, (B) The developing countries have taken the following steps to attract foreign investment:

(i) Setting up of special economic zones. SEZs or Special Economic Zones are industrial zones being set up by the Central and State Governments in different parts of the country. SEZs are to have world class facilities such as electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities. Companies which set up
production units in SEZs are exempted from taxes for an initial period of five years. SEZs thus help to attract foreign companies to invest in India.

(ii) Flexibility in labour laws. Companies in the organized sector have to obey certain rules that aim to protect the workers’ rights. In the recent years, the government has allowed companies to ignore many of these. Instead of hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers flexibly for short periods when there is intense pressure of work. This is done to reduce the cost of labour for the company.

(iii) Providing legal concessions. The government provides various legal concessions to ‘ . attract companies to invest in India.

(iv) Curbing trade barriers. By removing trade barriers a friendly and positive business atmosphere is created so that foreign investors can invest in developing countries.

(v) Granting Compulsory Licensing. To attract foreign investment, the developing countries have also started granting few licences to foreign companies so as to make it easy for them to conduct business in any developing country.