Students can find that CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Social Science with Solutions and CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Paper 2020 (Series: JBB/3) effectively boost their confidence.
CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Paper 2020 (Series: JBB/3) with Solutions
Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
- Question paper comprises four sections-A, B, C and D. There are 35 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
- Section A – Questions No. 1 to 20 are very short answer type questions, carrying 1 mark each.
- Section B – Questions No. 21 to 28 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words.
- Section C – Questions No. 29 to 34 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
- Section D – Question No. 35 is map based carrying 6 marks with two parts 35(a) from History (2 marks) and 35(b) from Geography (4 marks).
- Answers should be brief and to the point, also the above word limit be adhered to as far as possible.
- There is no overall choice in the question paper. Howerver, an internal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
- Attach MAP along with your answer-book.
- In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
( SET I: Code No. 32/3/1 )
SECTION-A
Question 1.
Name the Civil Code of 1804 which established equality before law and secured the right to property in France. [1]
Answer:
Napoleonic code
Question 2.
Who among the following wrote the Vande Mataram? [1]
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(c) Abindranath Tagore
(d) Dwarkanath Tagore
Answer:
(b) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Question 3.
Which one of the following was NOT the reason for the popularity of scientific ideas among the common people in eighteenth century Europe? [1]
(a) Printing of ideas of Issac Newton.
(b) Development of printing press.
(c) Interest of people in science and reason.
(d) Traditional aristocratic groups supported it.
Answer:
(d) Traditional aristocratic groups supported it.
Question 4.
Name the two hostile groups of Second World War. [1]
Or
Name the two industrialists of Bombay who built huge industrial empires during nineteenth century. [1]
Answer:
Allied Powers. Britain, France, Soviet Union, US. Axis Powers. Nazi Germany, Japan, Italy.
Or
Dinshaw Petit, Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata
Question 5.
Which among the following best signifies the idea of liberal nationalism of nineteenth century Europe? [1]
(a) Emphasis on social justice.
(b) State planned socio-economic system.
(c) Freedom for individual and equality before law.
(d) Supremacy of State oriented nationalism.
Answer:
(c) Freedom for individual and equality before law.
Question 6.
“When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold.” Who among the following said this popular line? [1]
(a) Giuseppe Mazzini
(b) Metternich
(c) Otto Von Bismarck
(d) Giuseppe Garibaldi
Answer:
(b) Metternich
Question 7.
Certain events are given below. Choose the appropriate chronological order: [1]
1. Coming of Simon Commission to India
2. Demand of Puma Swaraj in Lahore Session of INC
3. Government of India Act, 1919
4. Champaran Satyagraha Choose the correct option:
(a) 3-2-4-1
(b) 1-2-4-3
(c) 2-3-1-4
(d) 4-3-1-2
Answer:
(d) 4-3-1-2
Question 8.
Complete the following table with appropriate terms in places of A and B. [1]
Answer:
A-Pipelines
B-Overseas
Question 9.
India has emerged as a software giant at the International level. Suggest any one way to enhance the export of information technology. [1]
Answer:
Information technology has also played an important role in spreading out production of services across countries.
Export of Information technology can be facilitated (done) by promoting it all over the world through planned and synchronized social media and digital media marketing techniques.
Question 10.
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is an example of ______ industry in India. [1]
Or
Resources which are surveyed and their quantity and quality have been determined for utilisation are known as _____ . [1]
Answer:
Information and Communication Technology (IT)
Or
Developed Resources
Question 11.
Read the following features of a soil and name the related soil. [1]
| (a) Develops in high rainfall area |
| (b) Intense leaching process takes place |
| (c) Humus content is low |
Answer:
Laterite soil
Question 12.
Write the temperature requirement of Maize crop. [1]
Or
Write the temperature requirement of maize crop. [1]
Answer:
21° C to 27° C
Or
50 cm to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season.
Question 13.
Read the following information and write a single term for it. [1]
The Constitution of India provides freedom to profess and practice any religion to all its citizens. The Constitution of India prohibits discrimination on religious grounds.
Answer:
Secularism
Question 14.
Consider the following statements regarding language policy of Indian Federation. [1]
1. Hindi was identified as the official language.
2. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognized as scheduled languages.
3. English can be used along with Hindi for official purpose.
Choose the right option from the following:
(a) 1 and 3
(b) 1 and 2
(c) only 1
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer:
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Question 15.
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option: [1]
Assertion (A): Democracy is a legitimate government.
Reason (R): Regular, free and fair elections are the spirit of democracy.
Options:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect
(c) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect
(d) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Question 16.
Suggest any one way to make political parties more responsive to the people’s needs and demands. [1]
Or
Suggest any one way to promote the public participation in the Political Parties for enhancing the quality of democracy. [1]
Answer:
Ways to make political parties more responsive to the people’s needs and demands:
(i) By electing only those political parties who work for the welfare of the people.
(ii) To evolve mechanisms for negotiating differences.
(iii) Citizens should exert pressure on political parties for making them responsible through active participation in the debates, surveys and conferences etc.
Or
Ways to promote the public participation in the Political Parties:
(i) Political parties should give representations to accommodate different groups.
(ii) To frame laws and policies for welfare of the people.
Question 17.
Correct the following statement and rewrite it. [1]
Removing barriers or restrictions by the government is known as Globalisation.
Or
International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organisation whose aim is to liberalise international trade. [1]
Answer:
Removing barriers or restrictions by the government is known as Liberalisation.
Or
World Trade Organisation (WTO) is an organisation whose aim is to liberalise international trade.
Question 18.
Which among the following issues currency notes on behalf of the Central Government? [1]
(a) State Bank of India
(b) Reserve Bank of India
(c) Commercial Bank of India
(d) Union Bank of India
Answer:
(b) Reserve Bank of India
Question 19.
Choose the incorrect option from the following:
| List I | List II |
| (a) Courier | (i) Tertiary Sector |
| (b) Fisherman | (ii) Primary Sector |
| (c) Capenter | (iii) Primary Sector |
| (d) Barpenter | (iv) Tertiary Sector |
Answer:
| (c) Capenter | (iii) Primary Sector |
Question 20.
Define the term per capita income. [1]
Or
Define the term Literacy rate? [1]
Answer:
When total income of a country is divided by its total population, the result derived is called per capita income. It is also called average income.
Or
Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population of a country in the age group of 7 years and above.
SECTION-B
Question 21.
Describe the implications of First World War on the economic and political situation of India. [3]
Or
Describe the role of poor peasantry in the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’. [3]
Answer:
The outbreak of the First World War had created a new economic and political situation in India:
(i) The increased defence expenditure was financed by war loans and by raising tax rates, custom duties, etc. There was tremendous price rise during the war years. Between 1913 and 1918, the prices had almost doubled. People, particularly common people, were facing extreme hardships.
(ii) Forced recruitment in the army caused widespread anger in the villages.
(iii) The failure of crops in many parts of India had created food shortages, leading to the added misery of the people.
(iv) In addition to this, there was the outbreak of the great influenza epidemic. Millions of people perished due to influenza and starvation.
(v) The nationalist movement grew stronger during the war years. A large number of Muslims were drawn into the anti-British struggle during the war. The defence of the ‘Caliphate’ (Khilafat) became an important question for Muslims. Peasant movements during war period also had helped the nationalist movement to grow stronger.
Or
The poorer peasantry were not just interested in the lowering of the revenue demand. Many were small tenants cultivating land they had rented from landlords. As the depression continued, the small tenants found it difficult to pay their rent. They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlord be remitted. They joined radical movements, led by Socialists and Communists. The Congress was unwilling to support ‘No rent’ Campaigns’. So the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress remained uncertain.
Question 22.
How had Indian trade been beneficial for the British during nineteenth century? Explain. [3]
Or
Why did the elite of Britain prefer hand made goods in the mid-nineteenth century? Explain. [3]
Answer:
Foodgrain and raw material exports from India to Britain and the rest of the world increased. The value of British exports to India was much higher than the value of British imports from India. Thus Britain had a ‘trade surplus’ with India. By helping Britain balance its deficits with other countries, India played a crucial role in the late nineteenth cehtury world economy. Britain’s trade surplus with India also helped to pay the so-called ‘hpme charges’ that included private remittances by British officials and traders, interest payments on India’s external debts and pensions of British officials in India.
India remained a major supplier of raw cotton to British which was required to feed the cotton textile industry of Britain.
Many indenture workers from Bihar, UP and Central India migrated to other countries to work in mines and plantations.
Or
The elite of Britain preferred handmade goods in the mid-nineteenth century because of the following reasons:
- Hand labour could produce a range of products unlike machines. The market demand was often for goods with intricate designs and specific shapes that only hand labour could produce.
- In Victorian Britain, the upper classes — the Aristocrats and the Bourgeois — preferred things produced by hand.
- Handmade products came to symbolise refinement and class. Handmade clothes were costlier and of better quality.
- Handmade products were better finished, individually produced and carefully-designed.
Question 23.
“A concerted effort has to be made in order to use mineral resources in a planned and sustainable manner.” Suggest and explain any three measures. [1 × 3 = 3]
Answer:
Ways to conserve mineral resources in a planned and sustainable manner:
- We should use minerals in a planned and sustainable manner.
- Improved technologies need to be evolved to allow use of low grade ores at low cost.
- Recycling of metals should be done.
- Using scrap metals and other substitutes should be promoted in conserving our material resources for future.
- Wastages in mining, processing and distribution should be minimized.
- Export of minerals should be monitored and controlled.
- Stricter safety regulations and implementation of environmental laws are essential to prevent mining from becoming a ‘killer industry’.
Question 24.
“The pace of change in the communication sector has been rapid in modern times.” Support the statement with examples. [3]
Or, “Roadways have an edge over Railways.” Support the statement with examples. [3]
Answer:
(i) As the pace of change has been rapid in modem times long distance communication has become easier without physical movement of communicator or receiver. For example, now-a-days people are able to communicate from anywhere in the world through WhatsApp, Twitter etc.
(ii) Through advanced communication technology (internet), time and money are saved. This is because it is much cheaper and quicker to transfer information around. It also becomes faster and efficient to contact with anyone anywhere instantly. The internet has also provided face-to-face communication through Skype, social media sites, video conferencing, and many other ways. Most of the urban centres are connected by STD (Subscriber Trunk Dialing) telephone facility.
(iii) In order to strengthen the flow of information from the grass-root level to the higher level, the government has made special provision to extend 24 hours STD service facility to every village in the country.
(iv) Moreover the mobile phone industry in India has grown exponentially in the last decade with both Indian and International telecom companies ruling the market. India also has the world’s second largest internet user base.
Or
Roadways score over railways:
(i) Construction of roads is easier and cheaper as compared to railways.
(ii) Roads provide door to door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower as compared to railways which generally leave the people and goods at the destined railway stations.
(iii) Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slope and, as such, can traverse through mountainous terrain. But railways cannot negotiate steep gradients.
(iv) Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances.
(v) Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport. They provide links between railway stations, airports and sea ports.
(vi) They link agricultural farms with markets and industries, thus linking rural and urban areas.
Question 25.
Describe the rationale behind the implementation of decentralisation in India. [3]
Answer:
When power is taken away from Central and State Governments and given to the local government, it is called decentralisation.
Implementation of decentralisation in India:
(i) The basic idea behind decentralisation is that there are a large number of problems and issues which are best settled at the local level. People have better knowledge of problems in their localities. They also have better ideas on where to spend money and how to manage things more efficiently.
(ii) Besides, at the local level, it is possible for the people to directly participate in decision making. This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation.
(iii) Local government is the best way to realise one important principle of democracy, namely local self-government.
(iv) The need for decentralisation was recognised in our Constitution. A major step towards decentralisation was taken in 1992. Prior to 1992, local government bodies were under the control of the State governments. The Constitution was amended to make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective.
Question 26.
Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow:
Over a hundred countries of the world today claim and practice some kind of democratic politics: they have formal constitutions, they hold elections, they have parties and they guarantee rights of citizens. While these features are common to most of them, these democracies are very much different from each other in terms of their social situations, their economic achievements and their cultures. Clearly, what may be achieved or not achieved under each of these democracies will be very different.
26.1 Explain the fascination for democracy amongst various countries. [1]
26.2 Explain democracy on the basis of expected and actual outcome. [2]
Answer:
26.1 The main reason of the fascination for democracy amongst various countries is that they have formal constitutions, hold elections, have parties and they guarantee rights of citizens. It can also address socio-economic and political problems. Democracy produces a government that is accountable to the citizens and is responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens.
26.2 Democracy on the basis of expected and actual outcome.
(i) Expected is—quality of government, economic wellbeing, reducing inequality, accommodating social differences and dignity of individual.
(ii) Democracy is just a form of government. It can only create conditions for achieving the above said outcomes.
Question 27.
Why is the tertiary sector becoming more important in India? Explain. [3]
Or
Why is organised sector preferred by the employees? Explain. [3]
Answer:
Tertiary sector or service sector plays a very significant role and its importance is rising day by day:
(i) Greater the development of primary sector and secondary sector more would be the demand for Services.
(ii) Tertiary sector has become the largest producer in India because various kinds of . services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative offices, transport, banks, insurance companies etc. are required.
(iii) Even development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of services such as transport, trade and storage etc.
(iv) With the rise in income, demand for more services is rising.
For example, eating out in restaurants, tourism, malls and shopping complexes, schools, professional training.
(v) Hew services like Information Technology and outsourcing have become very important for modern day trade and industry.
Or
Reasons for giving priority to the organised sector by the employees over unorganised sector.
(i) The organised sector is registered by the government and follows its rules and regulations which are given in various laws (Example: Factory Act, Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, Shop and Establishment Act, etc.). By the unorganised sector, we usually mean small and scattered industries. They are largely outside the government jurisdiction and do not generally follow the rules.
(ii) Workers in Organized sector enjoy job security, work for a fixed number of hours, get overtime if they work more than the fixed number of hours. In unorganised sector, Jobs are usually low paid and not regular, there is no security of jobs. Employers are masters who can ask workers to leave whenever they so desire.
(iii) Employees in organised sector enjoy certain benefits like paid leave, payment during holidays, Provident Fund and gratuity, etc. Workers in Unorganized sector do not enjoy the benefits which are enjoyed by the workers in the Organized sector.
Question 28.
Describe the significance of the Reserve Bank of India. [3]
Answer:
Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of India and issues currency notes on behalf of the Central Government.
- Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans.
- RBI requires commercial banks to maintain a minimum cash balance out of the deposits they receive. The RBI monitors that the banks actually maintain the cash balance.
- RBI issues guidelines for fixing rate of interest on deposits and lending by commercial banks.
- RBI sees that the banks give loans not just to profit-making businesses and traders but also to small cultivators, small-scale industries, small borrowers, Self Help Groups (SHGs) etc.
- Periodically, banks have to submit information to the RBI on how much they are lending, to whom, at what interest rate, etc.
SECTION-C
Question 29.
Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow:
Source 1:’Religious Reform and Public Debates.
There are intense controversies between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, brahmanical priesthood and idolatry. In Bengal, as the debate developed, tracts and newspapers proliferated, circulating a variety of arguments.
Source 2: New Forms of Publication.
New literary forms also entered the world of reading – lyrics, short stories, essays about social and political matters. In different ways, they reinforced the new emphasis on human lives and intimate feelings, about the political and social rules that shaped such things.
Source 3: Women and Print.
Since social reforms and novels had already created a great interest in women’s lives and emotions, there was also an interest in what women would have to say about their own lives.
Source 1: Religious Reform and Public Debates.
29.1 Evaluate how did the print shape the nature of the debate in the early nineteenth century in India. [1]
Source 2: New Forms of Publication.
29.2 To what extent do you agree that print opened up new worlds of experience and gave a vivid sense of diversity of human lives? [2]
Source 3: Women and Print.
29.3 To what extent did the print culture reflect a great interest in women’s lives and emotions? Explain. [2]
Answer:
29.1 Different groups confronted the changes happening within the colonial society in different ways and offered variety of new interpretations of the beliefs of different religions. Some criticised existing practices and campaigned for reform, while others countered the arguments of reformers. There were intense controversies between social and religious reformers over matters like widow-immolation, monotheism, brahmanical priesthood and idolatry.
29.2 As more and more people could now read they wanted to see their own lives, . experiences, emotions and relationships reflected in what they read.
For readers it opened up new worlds of experience, and gave a sense of diversity of human lives and intimate feeling, about the political and social rules that shaped such things.
29.3 (i) The spread of print culture opened a new world of education and books for many Indian women who had remained confined to their households and families due to the traditional Indian social set-up.
(ii) Women’s reading increased enormously in middle-class homes. Liberal ’ husbands and fathers began educating their womenfolk at home. Even girls and women took initiative to get liberated and educated.
Question 30.
Explain the factors which are responsible for location of industries. [5]
Or
Explain the ways through which the industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced. [5]
Answer:
(i) Raw material. Cheap and abundant availability of raw material. Industries which use heavy and perishable raw material have to be located close to the source of raw material.
(ii) Labour. Availability of cheap labour—both skilled and unskilled, is necessary for keeping the cost of production low.
(iii) Power. Cheap and continuous supply of power is extremely necessary for continuity in the production process.
(iv) Capital. It is necessary for developing infrastructure, for the entire manufacturing process and for meeting manufacturing expenditure.
(v) Banking and insurance facilities, favourable government policies are other factors which affect location of an industry.
The ‘key’ to the decision of a factory location is least cost so that the venture is profitable.
Or
Water pollution caused by industries can be controlled by:
(i) Minimising the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements of industries and other domestic purposes.
(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds in the following ways:
— Primary treatment by mechanical means such as screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
— Secondary treatment by biological process.
— Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water.
(iv) Overdrawing of groundwater by industry needs to be regulated legally.
(v) To create awareness among all people about the importance of water conservation and its efficient usage.
Question 31.
‘Communalism can take various forms in politics.’ Explain. [5]
Answer:
Communalism can take various forms in politics:
(i) The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs. This is so common that we fail to notice it, even when we believe in it. For example, belief in the superiority of one’s religion and inferiority of other religions. As long as people in Northern Ireland saw themselves only as Catholics or Protestants, their differences were difficult to reconcile.
(ii) A communal mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community. In a majority community this takes the form of majoritarian . . dominance. For those belonging to the minority community, it can take the form of a desire to form a separate political unit. The Catholics, who comprised 44 per cent and were represented by the Nationalist parties, demanded that Northern Ireland be unified with the Republic of Ireland, a Catholic country. The Protestants, who comprised 53 per cent, were represented by the Unionists who . wanted to remain with the UK which is predominantly Protestant. There was fight between the Unionists and Nationalists. It was in 1998 that the UK Government and ’; the Nationalists reached a peace treaty.
(iii) Political mobilisation on religious lines is another form of communalism. This involves the use of sacred symbols and religious leaders to bring the followers of one religion together. Christianity in England and Buddhism in Sri Lanka reflect the interests or emotions of voters in one religion in preference to others.
(iv) Sometimes, commimalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacres. The post-independence period has seen large scale communal violence in our country. Recently, the same communal violence has been seen, for example, in Gujarat, Mumbai and Delhi.
Question 32.
Describe the necessity of political parties in democratic countries. [5]
Or
Describe the efforts to reform political parties in India. [5]
Answer:
We can understand the necessity of political parties by imagining a situation without parties. Every candidate in the election will be independent. Therefore, no major policy changes will be made. Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency but no one will be responsible for the smooth running of the country.
As societies become large and complex, they need an agency to gather views on various issues and to present them to the government. There is need to bring various representatives together so that a responsible government can be formed.
A mechanism is needed to support or restrain the government to make policies, justify or oppose them. Political parties fulfil the needs of a representative government and are thus a necessary condition for a democracy. Modern democracies cannot exist without political parties.
Or
Five efforts made to reform the political parties:
(i) Law to regulate the internal affairs of political parties like maintaining a register of its members, to follow its own constitution, to have independent authority, to act as judge in case of party dispute, to hold open elections to the highest post.
(ii) It should be mandatory for political parties to give one-third tickets to women candidates. Also there should be quota for women on the decision-making bodies of the party.
(iii) There should be state funding of elections. The government should give money to parties to support their election expenses in kind (petrol, paper, telephone, etc.) or in cash on the basis of votes secured by the party in the previous election.
(iv) The candidate should be educated, so that he can solve and understand people’s problems. His previous record should be cleared. He should be honest and there should be no criminal case against him.
(v) Citizens can reform politics if they take part directly and join political parties. People can put pressure on political parties through petitions, publicity in media, agitations etc.
Question 33.
“The impact of globalization has not been uniform.” Explain with examples. [5]
Answer:
Globalisation has had both positive as well as negative effects:
1. People with education, skill and wealth have benefitted by globalisation.
(i) Greater competition among producers (both local and foreign) has been advantageous to consumers, particularly the well-off section. Rich people enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products and enjoy a higher standard of living.
(ii) MNCs have increased their investments in India over the past 20 years in industries such as cell phones, automobiles, electronics, soft drinks, fast food and services such as banking.
(iii) New jobs have been created in all these industries and services.
(iv) Top’ Indian companies have benefitted from the increased competition. They have invested in newer technology and production methods.
(v) Some Indian companies have gained from successful collaborations with foreign companies. Globalisation has enabled some companies to emerge as multinationals.
2. However, globalisation has not been uniform among producers and workers.
(i) Globalisation has posed a major challenge for a large number of small producers and workers. Small manufacturers have been hit hard due to competition causing many industrial units to shut down, rendering many workers jobless in small industries. (The small industries in India employ 20 million workers.)
(ii) Due to the pressure of competition, most employers do not employ workers on a permanent basis; to avoid paying for the whole year.
(iii) Workers’ jobs are not secure any more, wages are low and they are forced to work overtime to earn adequate money.
(iv) In order to cut costs of products for the benefit of MNCs, employers in industries such as garment exports, pay very low wages to workers. Hence, there is a need for ‘fair globalisation’ which will ensure that the benefits of globalisation are shared better in a more equitable manner.
Question 34.
Why is sustainability important for development? Explain. [5]
Answer:
(i) Development of a country needs to be continuous. Every country would like to have
the level of development go up further.
(ii) Many scientists have warned that the present levels of development cannot be sustained for the future as the present rate of consumption of both renewable and non-renewable resources is very high. Resources are limited in supply and hence should be used judiciously.
(iii) Sustainable development aims at development without damaging the environment and at the same time conserving for the future.
(iv) Development should take place in the present without compromising the needs of the future. Sustainability of development is essential not only for the present generation but also for future generations to ensure a good life.
SECTION-D
Question 35.
(a) Two places ‘A’ and ‘B’ are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them. [2]
(A) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held.
(B) The place where Indigo Planters organized Satyagraha.
(b) On the same outline Map of India, locate and label any four of the following with appropriate symbols: [1 × 4 = 4]
| (i) Haldia | Major sea port |
| (ii) Mohali | Software technology park |
| (iii) Kerela | Major Rubber Producing State |
| (iv) Narora | Nuclear Power plant |
| (v) Tehri | Dam |
| (vi) Thiruvananthapuram | International Airport |
Answer:
(SET II: Code No. 32/3/2)
Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in Set I.
Question 1.
Name the customs union formed at the initiative of Prussia in 1834. [1]
Answer:
Zollverein. The union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two.
Question 9.
Suggest any one way to promote tourism in India. [1]
Answer:
Ways to promote tourism in India:
(a) Promote Heritage tourism by providing facilities for tourists. Government is also required to develop further infrastructure of the country and ensure safety of tourists.
(b) More of hygiene and amenities for children and disabled, adventure-friendly infra¬structure.
(c) Promoting festivals to enhance rich Indian culture, traditions and customs.
Question 11.
Read the features of a soil given below and name the related soil. [1]
| (i) It consists of properties of sand, silt and clay. |
| (ii) It is described on the basis of age. |
| (iii) It is very fertile. |
Answer:
Alluvial soil.
Question 23.
Natural gas is considered an environmental friendly fuel. Suggest and explain any three ways to make it popular. [3]
Answer:
Natural gas is used as a source of energy as well as an industrial raw material. It is an environment-friendly fuel because of the low carbon emission and is popular as fuel for automobiles as CNG.
(i) Since it can be transported easily through pipelines. A large supply network will make it easily available in the whole country.
(ii) Natural gas is a clean source of energy and the Government should encourage its use by making the citizens aware with the help of advertisements and live promotions.
(iii) Natural gas can be used as a cooking and heating fuel. More and more households should be connected by pipelines for its domestic consumption.
(iv) It can be used to generate electricity, fuel vehicles, power industrial furnaces and it can even run air-conditioners. The production of all such appliances and vehicles should be promoted.
Question 25.
Describe any three steps taken by the Indian Government towards decentralization of power in 1992. [3]
Answer:
In order to make ‘three-tier’ government more effective and powerful, major steps towards decentralisation were taken in 1992:
- Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to Local Government bodies.
- Seats are reserved in elected bodies for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes (OBCs).
- At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.
- The State Election Commission was created to conduct Panchayat and Municipal elections.
- The State Governments are required to share some powers and revenue with Local Government bodies.
Question 28.
Explain the role of Self Help Groups in the rural economy. [3]
Answer:
The basic objective of ‘Self Help Groups’ is to organize rural poor, particularly women belonging to one neighbourhood into small Self Help Groups (15-20 members). These members save regularly and the amount varies from ?25-100 or more depending upon their ability to save.
Role of’Self Help Groups’:
(i) The members can take small loans from the group itself to meet their needs. The group charges interest on these loans which is much less than what the moneylenders charge. Therefore it help rural poor to pool their saving
(ii) After a year or two, if the group is regular in savings, it becomes eligible for availing loan from the bank which is sanctioned in the name of the group to create self employment opportunities. All important decisions regarding loan, purpose, amount of interest, non-payment of loan are taken by the group members. For instance, small loans are provided to the members for releasing mortgaged land, meeting working capital needs, for acquiring assets like sewing machines, handlooms, cattle etc.
(iii) Since non-repayment of loans is dealt with seriously by the group members themselves, therefore banks are willing to lend to the poor women when organized in SHGs, even though they have no collateral as such. The SHGs help women to become financially self reliant.
(iv) Regular meetings of the group provide a platform to discuss and act on a variety of social issues such as health, nutrition, domestic violence etc.
Question 31.
“Caste can take various forms in Politics.” Explain with examples. [5]
Answer:
Various forms of caste in politics:
(i) When governments are formed, political parties usually take care that representatives of different castes and tribes find a place in it.
(ii) When parties choose candidates, they keep in mind the composition of the electorate and accordingly choose candidates from different castes so as to muster necessary support to win elections.
(iii) Political parties make appeals to caste sentiments to gain support. Some political parties are known to favour some castes.
(iv) Universal Adult Franchise and the principle of one-person-one-vote compelled political leaders to mobilise political support.
(v) It also brought new consciousness among people belonging to those castes which were treated as inferiors.
Question 34.
How is the criterion used by the UNDP different for the World Bank for measuring the development of a country? Explain. [5]
Answer:
The criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development is different from the one used by the World Bank in the following ways:
(i) Human development report published by UNDP measures development on the parameters of educational level of the people, their health status and per capita income whereas World Bank measures the same only on the basis of per capita income.
(ii) UNDP ranks the countries on the basis of development whereas World Bank classifies them into three categories — rich countries, middle income countries and poor countries.
(iii) UNDP has a broader framework to measure development whereas World Bank has a narrow framework to measure the same.
(SET III: Code No. 32/3/3 )
Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in Set II.
Question 1.
Name the ‘Act’ which resulted in the formation of ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’. [1]
Answer:
The Act of Union, 1707.
Question 9.
Suggest any one way to strengthen the flow of information from the grass-root to the higher level in India through information technology. [1]
Answer:
In order to strengthen the flow of information from the grass-root level to the higher level, the government has made special provision to extend 24 hours STD service facility to every village in the country.
Question 11.
Read the features of a soil given below and name the related soil. [1]
| (i) These soils range from red to brown in colour. |
| (ii) Generally sandy in texture and saline. |
| (iii) Soil lacks humus and moisture. |
Answer:
Arid soil.
Question 23.
Suggest and explain any three ways to reduce the use of petrol. [3]
Answer:
Ways for reducing the use of petrol:
(i) Bicycles should be used for covering short distances to save fuel.
(ii) People should travel in public transport system (local bus and train service) instead of taking private cars and can also use car-pooling service.
(iii) Engines of vehicles should be designed to reduce the consumption of petrol and diesel.
(iv) Avoiding the idling whenever possible. If a vehicle remains stationary for more than a minute then it is better to switch off the engine like at the red light.
(v) Reduced toll fee for vehicles powered by natural gas.
(vi) Environmental awareness seminars, workshops, exhibitions, etc., should be conducted for creating awareness among people.
Question 31.
“Iñ India, women still lag behind men despite some improvement since Independence.” Support the statement with examples. [5]
Answer:
A lot has been done to bring women at par with men but still women face disadvantages, discriminations and oppression in various ways.
(i) The literacy rate among women is only 54 per cent compared with 76 percent among men. Similarly, a smaller proportion of girl students go for higher studies. Many of them drop out because parents prefer to spend their resources for their boys’ education.
(ii) The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small. On an average an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man every day. Yet much of her work is not paid and therefore often not valued.
(iii) The Equal Wages Act provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work. However, in almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema, to factories and fields, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.
(iv) In many parts of India parents prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl child aborted before she is born. Such sex-selective abortion led to a decline in child sex ratio.
(v) Women are not safe even within their own home from beating, harassment and other forms of domestic violence.
Question 34.
What is Human development? Explain its indicators. [5]
Answer:
Human development refers to the humancentered approaches towards development. It focuses on people and qualitative improvement in human life. It is defined as the process of enlarging people’s freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-being. Human development is the development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their lives so that they can lead a healthy, meaningful and purposeful life with dignity.
Indicators of Human development:
(i) Life Expectancy. It is the age to which a particular person is expected to live. Higher life expectancy means people have a greater chance of living longer and a healthy life.
(ii) Infant Mortality Rate. It is the total number of infant deaths below the age of 1 year out of 1000 babies. .
(iii) Access to Knowledge. It refers to the number of people of both genders aging more than 15 years having the ability to read and write and the number of children enrolled in schools.
(iv) Standard of living. The standard of living is usually measured by the gross national income (GNI) per capita. The GNI indicates the total domestic and foreign output created by the residents of a certain country.
(v) Access to resources. It is measured in terms of purchasing power.