CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Paper 2016 (Delhi) with Solutions

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CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Paper 2016 (Delhi) with Solutions

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

• The question paper has 26 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
• Marks are indicated against each question.
• Questions from serial number 1 to 7 are very short answer type questions. Each question carries one mark.
• Questions from serial number 8 to 18 are 3 marks questions. Answers of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
• Questions from serial number 19 to 25 are 5 marks questions. Answers of these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
• Question number 26 is a map question. It has two parts 26(A) and 26(B). 26(A) of 2 marks from History and 26(B) of 3 marks from Geography. After completion attach the map inside your answer book.
• There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in some questions. You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such-questions.

Modified as per Latest CBSE Curriculum.

Question 1.
Which brothers of Germany contributed in compiling the text for children? [1]
Answer:
The Grimm Brothers of Germany compiled traditional folktales gathered from peasants and published them in 1812.

Question 2.
Why are there a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and density found in minerals? [1]
Answer:
A mineral that will be formed from a certain combination of elements depends upon the physical and chemical conditions under which the mineral forms. It is because of these physical and chemical conditions that minerals possess a wide range of colours, crystal forms, lustre and density.

Question 3.
What is meant by the system of ‘checks and balances’? [1]
Answer:
The horizontal distribution of power ensures that power is shared among different organs of government the legislature, executive and judiciary. It allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. The horizontal distribution of power is also called a system of checks and balances. This system ensures that none of these organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the other.

Question 4.
Name any one political party that has national level political organisation but not recognised as a national political party. [1]
Answer:
State parties like the Samajwadi Party, Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisations with units in several states but are not recognised as national parties.

Question 5.
Differentiate between investment and foreign investment. [1]
Answer:
The money that is spent to buy assets (land, building, machines and other equipments) is called investment, while the investment made by the MNCs is called foreign investment.

Question 6.
In which sector does government own most of the assets and provides the basic services? [1]
Answer:
The Public Sector is that sector of the economy in which the government owns most of the assets and provides all the services, e.g., railways, post and telegraph etc.

Question 7.
Which of the following is an example of the dependency of the primary sector on the tertiary sector? [1]
(a) Weavers made less money because the shops did not want to sell handloom products.
(b) The bank employees could not reach on time due to a transportation strike.
(c) Dairy and Poultry producers suffered a loss when the shops went on strike.
(d) Farmers suffered a loss when there was not enough water to grow cotton.
Answer:
(c) Dairy and Poultry producers suffered a loss when the shops went on strike.

Question 8.
“The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from the Non-Cooperation Movement”. Support the statement with examples. [1 × 3 = 3]
Answer:
The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from the Non-Cooperation Movement in the following ways:
Non-Cooperation Movement:

• The people were asked not to cooperate with the government.
• Foreign goods and foreign cloth were boycotted. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign traders.
• Students left the government owned schools and colleges and lawyers gave up legal practices.

Civil Disobedience Movement:

• People were asked not only to refuse cooperation with the British but also to break colonial laws.
• The countrymen broke the salt law by manufacturing salt by boiling sea water at Dandi.
• Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari tax.
• Village officials resigned from their jobs. Forest people violated forest rules and laws.

Question 9.
How had the female figures become an allegory of the nation during nineteenth century in Europe? Analyse. [1 × 3 = 3]
Answer:
Artists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries portrayed nations as female figures. The female form, that was chosen to personify the nation, did not stand for any particular woman in real life. Rather it sought to give the abstract idea of the nation in concrete form. That is, the female figure became the allegory of the nation.
In France, she was named Marianne a popular Christian name and in Germany, Germania. Germania wears a crown of oak leaves as the German oak stands for heroism.
The characteristics of Marianne were drawn from those of Liberty and Republic—the red cap, the tricolour and cockade.

Question 10.
What attracted the Europeans to Africa? Give any three reasons. [3 × 1 = 3]
Or
Why was getting jobs in the British mills always difficult for the workers in the 19th century? Give reasons. [1 × 3 = 3]
Answer:

• Africa’s vast land resources and minerals were found very attractive by the Europeans.
• They saw a very good prospect for establishing plantations and mines to produce crops and minerals which they could export to Europe.
• African countries were militarily weak and backward. So they were in no position to resist military aggression by European states. Thus it was easy for European states to conquer them and establish colonies.
  Or

Even when the mills multiplied and demand for workers increased, it was difficult to get jobs.
The reason was that
• The number seeking jobs always remained more than the jobs available.

• During the same time agriculture was also not prosperous. Therefore, there was always a large influx of unemployed youths from villages who came to cities and towns looking for jobs in the newly set up mills and factories.

• Entry into the mills was also restricted. Industrialists usually employed jobbers to get new recruits. Very often, the jobber was an old and trusted worker. He got people from his own village, ensured them jobs and helped them settle in the city. Gradually, they began to demand money and gifts for this favour and* began controlling the lives of workers.

Question 11.
What was Protestant Reformation? [3 × 1 = 3]
Answer:
Protestant Reformation was a 16th Century movement to reform Catholic Church dominated by Rome. Martin Luther was one of the main Protestant reformers. He wrote Ninety Five Theses criticizing many practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. Several traditions of anti-Catholic Christianity developed out of the movement.

Question 12.
Explain any three causes of water scarcity. [3 × 1 = 3]
Answer:
Water scarcity means shortage of water. It is usually associated with regions having low rainfall or drought prone areas.
There are many other reasons which lead to scarcity of water:

• Large growing population means more water required for domestic use and also to produce more food.
• In the agricultural sector, water resources are being over-exploited to expand? irrigated areas and dry-season agriculture.
• More water required for irrigation purposes to facilitate higher food production, i.e., for doing multiple cropping and for HYV seeds.
• There is greater demand for water with growing urbanisation and industrialisation.
• An unequal access to wafer among different social groups.
• The quality of water is deteriorating, i.e., getting polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture.
• Excessive use of water by industries which also require water to generate, hydroelectric power to run them,
• Over exploitation of water in the urban areas. Housing societies and colonies’ have their own groundwater pumping devices. This causes depletion of fragile water resources in the cities. (my three)

Question 13.
“The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain.” Justify the statement. [1 × 3 = 3]
Answer:
The Textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian Economy because:

• It contributes significantly to industrial production (14%).
• It employs largest number of people after agriculture, i.e., 35 million persons directly.
• Its share in the foreign exchange earnings is significant at about 24.6%.
• It contributes 4% towards GDP.
• It is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain, i.e., from raw material to the highest value added products.

Question 14.
How does religion influence the political set up in our country? Explain. [1 × 3 = 3]
Answer:
Gandhiji said, “Religion can never be separated from politics”. By religion he did not mean any particular religion like Hinduism or Islam, but moral values and ethics drawn from religion to guide politics. Religion in politics is not as dangerous as it may seem to us. Ethical values of each religion.can play a major role in politics. According to human rights groups, most of the victims of communal riots in our country are from religious minorities. Government can take special steps to protect them. Family laws of all religions discriminate against women. The government can change laws to make them more equitable.
These instances show a relationship between religion and politics. People should be able to express in politics their needs, interests and demands as members of a religious community. Thus, it is the responsibility of those whose political power is able to regulate the practice of religion, to prevent discrimination and oppression. These political acts are not wrong as long as they treat every religion equally.

Question 15.
When and why does religion become a problem? [3]
answer:
Religion becomes a problem when religion is seen as the basis of the nation. It is expressed in politics in exclusive and partisan terms, when one religion and its followers are pitted against another.
This happens because beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions. The demands of one religious group are formed in opposition to another and the State power is used to establish the domination of one religious group over the rest. Thus using of religion in politics leads to communal politics.

Question 16.
“Democratic government is legitimate government?” Support the statement with arguments. [3]
Answer:
Democratic government is a legitimate government. It may be slow, less efficient, not always very responsive or clean. But a democratic government is peoples’ own government. That is why there is an overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world. People’s wish to be ruled by representatives elected by them. As a democratic government is peoples’ own government, they believe that democracy is suitable for their country as it is a legitimate government. Democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that cannot be ignored.

Question 17.
Why do people look at a mix of goals for development? Explain. [1 × 3 = 3]
Answer:
Though income is one of the most important components of development, but there are other important goals which people look at for development —
The main objectives of the NREGA 2005 are:

• People also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect.
• Women need a safe and secure environment to take up a variety of jobs or to run businesses as entrepreneurs.
• People seek a pollution free environment.
• Students seek better education and equal opportunities to learn.

Question 18.
“The credit activities of the informal sector should be discouraged.” Support the statement with arguments. [3 × 1 = 3]
Answer:
The credit activities of the informal sector should be discouraged because:

• 85% of loans taken by the poor households in the urban areas are from informal sources. There is no organisation that supervises the credit activities of lenders in the informal sector.
• Informal lenders charge very high interest on their loans. They try to charge more and more interest on their loans as there are no boundaries and restrictions.
• Higher cost of borrowing means a larger part of the earnings of the borrowers is used to repay the loan.
• In certain cases, the high interest rate for borrowing can mean that the amount to be repaid is greater than the income of borrower. This could lead to increasing debt and debt trap, therefore the credit activities of the informal sector should be discouraged.

Question 19.
How did a variety of cultural processes play an important role in making of nationalism in India? Explain with examples. [5 × 1 = 5]
Answer:
History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols all played an important role in creating a sense of collective belonging leading to the growth of nationalism.
Image of Bharat Mata:
(i) With the growth of nationalism, the identity of the Indian nation came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata.

(ii) This image was first created and popularized by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In 1870, he wrote Vande Mataram as a hymn to the motherland. This song was widely sung during the Swadeshi Movement.

(iii) Moved by the Swadeshi movement, Abainindranath Tagore painted the famous image of Bharat Mata. She was portrayed as an ascetic figure —calm, composed, divine and spiritual.

(iv) Later this image was painted by many other artists which acquired different forms. This image was circulated in popular prints and devotion to this mother figure was seen as a sign of nationalism.

Icons and Symbols (Flag):

• During the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green and yellow), with eight lotuses (depicting eight provinces of British India), was designed.
• Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj flag by 1921 — a tricolour (red, green and white) with a spinning wheel in the centre.
• Carrying the flag during marches became a symbol of defiance and a sense of collective belonging.

Reinterpretation of History:

• The glorification of developments in ancient India in the fields of art and architecture, Science and Mathematics, religion and culture, law and philosophy, craft and trade had also helped in the growth of nationalism.
• These nationalist histories encouraged the readers to take pride in India’s great achievements in the past and struggle to change the miserable conditions of life under the British rule.

Indian Folklore:

• Idea of nationalism also developed through a movement to revive Indian folklore.
• Folk tales were sung by bards in the villages, to give a true picture of traditional culture, which had been damaged by outside forces.
• In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballads, nursery rhymes and myths to revive folk culture. In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a four volume collection of Tamil folk tales, “The Folklore of Southern India”.

Question 20.
Highlight the importance of petroleum. Explain the occurrence of petroleum in India. [2 + 3 = 5]
Answer:
Importance of Petroleum in India:

• It is the second most important energy source of India after coal. It can be easily transported by pipelines and does not leave any residue. This property of petroleum gives it an added advantage in its use over other fuels.
• It provides fuel for heat and light.
• It provides lubricants for machinery.
• It provides raw material for a number of manufacturing industries.
• It is an important fuel used in transportation sector.
• Petroleum refineries act as a ‘nodal industry’ for synthetic textiles, fertilizers and many chemical industries.

Occurence of Petroleum in India:

• Most of the petroleum occurrences in India are associated with anticlines and fault traps in the rock formations of the tertiary age.
• In regions of folding anticlines it occurs where oil is trapped in the crest of the upfold. The oil bearing layer is porous limestone or sandstone through which oil may flow.
• Petroleum is also found in fault traps between porous and non-porous rocks.

Question 21.
What is the need for conservation of water resources? Suggest three measures to conserve water resources. [1 + 4 = 5]
Answer:
Reasons to conserve water:

• Our water resources are limited and our requirements are increasing day by day.
• The water resources are unevenly distributed.
• Most of our resources especially in the cities and urban areas are polluted and unsuitable for drinking and other purposes.
• We need to conserve water for the continuation of our livelihoods and to prevent degradation of our natural ecosystem.

Measures to increase water supply and promote water conservation:

• Do not overdraw the ground water, recharge the ground water by techniques like rainwater harvesting.
• Avoid wastage of water at all levels.
• Inter-basin transfer of water, linking of rivers with one another.
• Increasing the water resources by tapping the rainwater in ponds, tanks, reservoirs, watershed development programmes, etc.
• Adopting water conserving techniques of irrigation, e.g., drip irrigation and sprinklers, etc., especially in dry areas. Sufficient water percolation facilities should be increased to help in raising the level of the water table.

Question 22.
“All-over the world, people express their dissatisfaction with the failure of political parties to perform their functions well.” Analyse the statement with arguments. [5 × 1 = 5]
Answer:
Since parties are the most visible face in a democracy, people blame them for whatever is wrong with the working of democracy.
There are four major areas where the working of political parties faces challenge:

(i) Lack of internal democracy. There is concentration of power in one or a few leaders at the top. Parties do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly. More than loyalty to party principles and policies, it is personal loyalty which becomes more important.

(ii) Dynastic succession. In many parties, top positions are always held by members of – one family. Most political parties do not practice transparent and open procedures for their functioning and it is very difficult for an ordinary worker to rise to the top. This is bad for democracy, since people who do not have adequate experience or popular support come to occupy positions of power.

(iii) Money and muscle power. Since parties are focussed only on winning elections, they tend to use short-cuts to win elections. They nominate candidates who have or A can raise money and thus are able to have influence on the policies and decisions of ’’ the party.

(iv) No meaningful choice. There has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties. They agree more on fundamental aspects, but differ only in details, on how policies are to be framed and implemented. Sometimes people cannot even elect different leaders as the same set of leaders keep shifting from one party to another.

Question 23.
Highlight the reasons for the increase in the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils after independence. [5]
Answer:
Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The democratically elected government adopted a series of measures to establish Sinhala supremacy:

(i) In 1956, an Act was passed to make Sinhala the official language thus disregarding Tamil.

(ii) The government followed preferential policies favouring Sinhala applicants for University positions and government jobs.

(iii) The Constitution provided for State protection and fostering of Buddhism.
The Sri Lankan Tamils felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders were sensitive to their language and culture and the government policies denied them equal political rights which led to increased feeling of alienation among them. The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in every field. Therefore, the measures adopted by the government to establish Sinhala supremacy led to distrust between the two communities which turned the widespread conflict into a civil war.

Question 24.
State any five features each of public sector and private sector. [5]
Answer:
Public Sector:

• The government owns most of the assets.
• All the services are provided by the government.
• The main motive of the public sector is the welfare of the people (masses). Activities are guided by the interest of the nation as a whole.
• Employees feel secured and there is discipline and regular work.
• Governments raise money through taxes and other means.
• For example, railways, post offices, construction of roads, bridges, harbours, dams, etc.

Private Sector:

• In the private sector, ownership of assets is in the hands of private individuals or companies.
• Services are provided or are in the hands of individuals.
• Activities in the private sector are guided by the motive to earn profits and not welfare of the people.
• Jobs of the employees are less secured and the whims of the owners are above all.
• Private sector charges high rates for the use of services provided by them.
• For example, Companies like Tata Iron and Steel Co. (TISCO), Reliance Industries, etc.

Question 25.
What is globalisation? Describe the role of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in promoting globalisation process. [5 × 1 = 5]
Answer:

Globalisation is the process of rapid integration or inter-connection among countries. Over the last 20-30 years, these has been a tremendous increase in globalisation with the increase in the number of MNCs.

• MNCs set up production centres worldwide where cheap labour is available, markets are near and government policies are favourable.
• They supply produced goods to different countries.
• Countries of the world have come closer due to increased movement of people – between countries.
• MNCs provide money for additional investments for faster production.
• MNCs bring with them the latest technology and know-how for enhancing and improving the production process.

Question 26.
(A) Locate and label the place on the given outline political map of India:
(a) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held in 1929. [1]
(b) The place associated with the calling off the Non-Cooperation Movement. [1]

(B) The following features are to be located and labelled on the given India political outline map:
(a) Rana Pratap Sagar Dam
(b) Kochi—Major Seaport [1+1]
Identify the features marked on the same given India political map and write their names:
(c) A Soil Type
(d) Coal Mine [1/2 + 1/2]

Answer: